Fadi Bittar

Publications

Article dans une revue (65)

Clonal dissemination of an NDM-2-producing Acinetobacter baumannii ST103 clone resulting in an outbreak in an intensive care unit of a Lebanese tertiary care hospital Tania Nawfal Dagher,Linda Hadjadj,Fadi Bittar,Fadi Fenianos,Elias Abdoet al. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 2025, 40, pp.66-71. ⟨10.1016/j.jgar.2024.11.016⟩ Article dans une revue hal-04965597v1
A silent sulfonamide-resistant microbial world: The curious case of missing DHPS in candidate phyla radiation Riyad Razzouk,Adel Azour,Jean-Marc Rolain,Fadi Bittar Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 2025, 44, pp.241-243. ⟨10.1016/j.jgar.2025.06.024⟩ Article dans une revue hal-05386996v1
Retraction Note: Gorillibacterium timonense sp. nov., isolated from an obese patient Sokhna Ndongo,Mamadou Beye,Noémie Labas,Fabrizio Di Pinto,Magali Richezet al. Archives of Microbiology, 2024, 206 (10), pp.416. ⟨10.1007/s00203-024-04146-6⟩ Article dans une revue hal-04917855v1
Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-like Encoding Genes in Candidate Phyla Radiation: Widespread and Highly Divergent Proteins with Potential Multifunctionality Mohamad Maatouk,Vicky Merhej,Pierre Pontarotti,Ahmad Ibrahim,Jean-Marc Rolainet al. Microorganisms, 2023, 11 (8), pp.1933. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms11081933⟩ Article dans une revue hal-04275003v1
Using Genomics to Decipher the Enigmatic Properties and Survival Adaptation of Candidate Phyla Radiation Mohamad Maatouk,Jean-Marc Rolain,Fadi Bittar Microorganisms, 2023, 11 (5), pp.1231. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms11051231⟩ Article dans une revue hal-04155452v1
Reverse Genomics: Design of Universal Epitope Sets to Isolate All Saccharibacteria Members from the Human Oral Cavity Ahmad Ibrahim,Mohamad Maatouk,Didier Raoult,Fadi Bittar Microorganisms, 2022, 10 (3), pp.602. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms10030602⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03663844v1
New Beta-lactamases in Candidate Phyla Radiation: Owning Pleiotropic Enzymes Is a Smart Paradigm for Microorganisms with a Reduced Genome Mohamad Maatouk,Ahmad Ibrahim,Lucile Pinault,Nicholas Armstrong,Said Azzaet al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23 (10), pp.5446. ⟨10.3390/ijms23105446⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03754479v1
Candidate Phyla Radiation, an Underappreciated Division of the Human Microbiome, and Its Impact on Health and Disease Sabrina Naud,Ahmad Ibrahim,Camille Valles,Mohamad Maatouk,Fadi Bittaret al. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2022, ⟨10.1128/cmr.00140-21⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03754522v1
Emergence of Candida auris in intensive care units in Algeria Hanane Zerrouki,Ahmad Ibrahim,Sid‐ahmed Rebiahi,Yamina Elhabiri,Djamel‐eddine Benhaddoucheet al. Mycoses, 2022, 65 (7), pp.753-759. ⟨10.1111/myc.13470⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03754554v1
Small and Equipped: the Rich Repertoire of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Candidate Phyla Radiation Genomes Mohamad Maatouk,Ahmad Ibrahim,Jean-Marc Rolain,Vicky Merhej,Fadi Bittar mSystems, 2021, 6 (6), ⟨10.1128/mSystems.00898-21⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03636728v1
Adapted Protocol for Saccharibacteria Cocultivation: Two New Members Join the Club of Candidate Phyla Radiation Ahmad Ibrahim,Mohamad Maatouk,Andriamiharimamy Rajaonison,Rita Zgheib,Gabriel Haddadet al. Microbiology Spectrum, 2021, 9 (3), ⟨10.1128/spectrum.01069-21⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03636811v1
Identification of repositionable drugs with novel antimycotic activity by screening Prestwick Chemical Library against emerging invasive molds Hanane Yousfi,Stéphane Ranque,Carole Cassagne,Jean-Marc Rolain,Fadi Bittar Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 2020, ⟨10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.002⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02464583v1
Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing Malassezia Yeast Abdourahim Abdillah,Saber Khelaifia,Didier Raoult,Fadi Bittar,Stephane Ranque Journal of Fungi, 2020, 6 (4), pp.350. ⟨10.3390/jof6040350⟩ Article dans une revue hal-03141598v1
Gorillibacterium timonense sp. nov., isolated from an obese patient Sokhna Ndongo,Mamadou Beye,Noemie Labas,Fabrizio Di Pinto,Magali Richezet al. Archives of Microbiology, 2020, ⟨10.1007/s00203-020-01834-x⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02502401v1
Draft genome and description of Chryseobacterium phocaeense sp. nov.: a new bacterial species isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient Rita Abou Abdallah,Liliane Okdah,Jacques Bou Khalil,Hussein Anani,Pierre-Edouard Fournieret al. Archives of Microbiology, 2019, 1, ⟨10.1007/s00203-019-01704-1⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02263553v1
Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children Aly Kodio,Drissa Coulibaly,Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné,Salimata Konate,Safiatou Doumboet al. Microorganisms, 2019, 7 (12), pp.649. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms7120649⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02454474v1
Phoenicibacter congonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the human gut and its description using a taxonogenomic approach Melhem Bilen,Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou,Aurélia Caputo,Thi-Thien Nguyen,Fabrizio Di Pintoet al. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2019, 112 (5), pp.775-784. ⟨10.1007/s10482-018-01211-1⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02263646v1
Noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of Raoultibacter massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Raoultibacter timonensis sp. nov, two new bacterial species isolated from the human gut Sory Ibrahima Traore,Melhem Bilen,Mamadou Beye,Awa Diop,Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkouet al. MicrobiologyOpen, 2019, 8 (6), pp.e00758. ⟨10.1002/mbo3.758⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02262558v1
In vitro polymyxin activity against clinical multidrug-resistant fungi Hanane Yousfi,Stéphane Ranque,Jean-Marc Rolain,Fadi Bittar Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2019, 8 (1), ⟨10.1186/s13756-019-0521-7⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02159425v1
Repurposing of ribavirin as an adjunct therapy against invasive Candida strains: In vitro study Hanane Yousfi,Carole Cassagne,Stephane Ranque,Jean-Marc Rolain,Fadi Bittar Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2019, ⟨10.1128/AAC.00263-19⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02263610v1
Draft genome and description of Cohnella massiliensis sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from the blood culture of a hemodialysis patient Rita Abou Abdallah,Jacques Bou Khalil,Claudia Andrieu,Enora Tomei,Nicholas Armstronget al. Archives of Microbiology, 2019, 201 (3), pp.305-312. ⟨10.1007/s00203-018-1612-1⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02202136v1
Taxonogenomics description of Parabacteroides timonensis sp. nov. isolated from a human stool sample Melhem Bilen,Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou,Saber Khelaifia,Enora Tomei,Frederic Cadoretet al. MicrobiologyOpen, 2018, pp.e00702. ⟨10.1002/mbo3.702⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02006029v1
Evaluation of two DNA extraction methods for the PCR-based detection of eukaryotic enteric pathogens in fecal samples Estelle Menu,Charles Mary,Isabelle Toga,Didier Raoult,Stéphane Ranqueet al. BMC Research Notes, 2018, 11 (1), ⟨10.1186/s13104-018-3300-2⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02006222v1
First Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bartonella tribocorum Strains from Laos and Cambodia Linda Hadjadj,Tawisa Jiyipong,Fadi Bittar,Serge Morand,Jean-Marc Rolain Genome Announcements, 2018, 6 (2), ⟨10.1128/genomeA.01435-17⟩ Article dans une revue hal-02006202v1
Characterization of a New Ezakiella Isolated from the Human Vagina: Genome Sequence and Description of Ezakiella massiliensis sp nov. Khoudia Diop,Claudia Andrieu,Caroline Michelle,Nicholas Armstrong,Fadi Bittaret al. Current Microbiology, 2018, 75 (4), pp.456-463. ⟨10.1007/s00284-017-1402-z⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01780663v1
Bacillus kwashiorkori sp nov., a new bacterial species isolated from a malnourished child using culturomics El Hadji Seck,Mamadou Beye,Sory Ibrahima Traore,Saber Khelaifia,Caroline Michelleet al. MicrobiologyOpen, 2018, 7 (1), pp.e00535. ⟨10.1002/mbo3.535⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01780644v1
Draft Genome and Description of Eisenbergiella massiliensis Strain AT11(T): A New Species Isolated from Human Feces After Bariatric Surgery Amadou H. Togo,Awa Diop,Matthieu Million,Marie M. Maraninchi,Jean-Christophe Lagieret al. Current Microbiology, 2018, 75 (10), pp.1274-1281. ⟨10.1007/s00284-018-1520-2⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01910318v1
Metabarcoding analysis of eukaryotic microbiota in the gut of HIV-infected patients Ibrahim Hamad,Rita Abou Abdallah,Isabelle Ravaux,Saadia Mokhtari,Herve Tissot-Dupontet al. PLoS ONE, 2018, 13 (1), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0191913⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01765832v1
Performance of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of 20 Gastrointestinal Parasites in Clinical Samples from Senegal Doudou Sow,Philippe Parola,Khadime Sylla,Magatte Ndiaye,Pascal Delaunayet al. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017, 97 (1), pp.173-182. ⟨10.4269/ajtmh.16-0781⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01774347v1
Hugonella massiliensis gen. nov., sp nov., genome sequence, and description of a new strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from the human gut Ziena Elsawi,Amadou Hamidou Togo,Mamadou Beye,Gregory Dubourg,Claudia Andrieuet al. MicrobiologyOpen, 2017, 6 (4), ⟨10.1002/mbo3.458⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01774691v1
Many More Microbes in Humans: Enlarging the Microbiome Repertoire Jean-Christophe Lagier,Michel Drancourt,Remi Charrel,Fadi Bittar,Bernard La Scolaet al. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2017, 65 (1), pp.S20-S29. ⟨10.1093/cid/cix404⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01730977v1
Culturomics and Amplicon-based Metagenomic Approaches for the Study of Fungal Population in Human Gut Microbiota Ibrahim Hamad,Stephane Ranque,Esam I. Azhar,Muhammad Yasir,Asif A. Jiman-Fataniet al. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7 (1), pp.16788. ⟨10.1038/s41598-017-17132-4⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01729796v1
Description of Chryseobacterium timonianum sp nov., isolated from a patient with pneumonia Rita Abou Abdallah,Teresa Cimmino,Sophie Baron,Frederic Cadoret,Caroline Michelleet al. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2017, 110 (9), pp.1121-1132. ⟨10.1007/s10482-017-0885-8⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01730980v1
Repertoire of human gut microbes Perrine Hugon,Jean-Christophe Lagier,Philippe Colson,Fadi Bittar,Didier Raoult Microbial Pathogenesis, 2017, 106 (103-112), ⟨10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.020⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478556v1
Molecular survey of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens by new real-time TaqMan® PCR assay in dogs and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Corsica (France) Djamel Tahir,Fadi Bittar,Hélène Barré-Cardi,Doudou Sow,Mustapha Dahmaniet al. Veterinary Parasitology, 2017, 235, pp.1-7. ⟨10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.002⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478585v1
Virtual special section `new challenges in antifungal therapy Stephane Ranque,Fadi Bittar International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2017, 50 (6), pp.699. ⟨10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.10.005⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01729790v1
Anaerococcus rubiinfantis sp nov., isolated from the gut microbiota of a Senegalese infant with severe acute malnutrition Maryam Tidjani Alou,Saber Khelaifia,Caroline Michelle,Claudia Andrieu,Nicholas Armstronget al. Anaerobe, 2016, 40, pp.85-94. ⟨10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.007⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01455591v1
Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics Jean-Christophe Lagier,Saber Khelaifia,Maryam Tidjani Alou,Sokhna Ndongo,Niokhor Dioneet al. Nature Microbiology, 2016, 1 (12), ⟨10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.203⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01453324v1
Marseillibacter massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacterial genus isolated from the human gut. S Ndongo,Grégory Dubourg,Fadi Bittar,Cheikh Sokhna,Pierre-Edouard Fournieret al. New Microbes and New Infections, 2016, 16, pp.30-31. ⟨10.1016/j.nmni.2016.12.006⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01474968v1
Noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of Fusobacterium massiliense sp. nov. isolated from human duodenum M Mailhe,Davide Ricaboni,V. Vitton,A. Benezech,Grégory Dubourget al. New Microbes and New Infections, 2016, 16, pp.3-12. ⟨10.1016/j.nmni.2016.12.003⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01475451v1
Non contiguous-finished genome sequence and description of Microbacterium gorillae sp. nov. Linda Hadjadj,Jaishriram Rathored,Mamadou Bhoye Keita,Caroline Michelle,Anthony Levasseuret al. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 2016, 11 (1), ⟨10.1186/s40793-016-0152-z⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478559v1
‘Clostridium massiliodielmoense’, a new species isolated from the human gut microbiota Maryam Tidjani Alou,Cheikh Sokhna,Fadi Bittar,Saber Khelaifia,Pierre-Edouard Fournieret al. New Microbes and New Infections, 2016, 13, pp.27 - 28. ⟨10.1016/j.nmni.2016.05.014⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478544v1
Evaluation of a new extraction protocol for yeast identification by mass spectrometry Frédérique Gouriet,Farida Ghiab,Carine Couderc,Fadi Bittar,Hervé Tissot Dupontet al. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2016, 129, pp.61-65. ⟨10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.001⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478536v1
Wild Gorillas as a Potential Reservoir of Leishmania major Ibrahim Hamad,Claire-Lise Forestier,Martine Peeters,Eric Delaporte,Didier Raoultet al. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2015, 211 (2), pp.267 - 273. ⟨10.1093/infdis/jiu380⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478638v1
Non contiguous-finished genome sequence and description of Bacillus jeddahensis sp. nov. Fadi Bittar,Fehmida Bibi,Dhamodharan Ramasamy,Jean-Christophe Lagier,Esam I. Azharet al. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 2015, 10 (1), ⟨10.1186/s40793-015-0024-y⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478581v1
Mansonella, including a Potential New Species, as Common Parasites in Children in Gabon Gaël Mourembou,Florence Fenollar,Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki,Angelique Ndjoyi Mbiguino,Sydney Maghendji Nzondoet al. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015, 9 (10), pp.e0004155. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0004155⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478563v1
Reply to Bastien et al. Ibrahim Hamad,Claire-Lise Forestier,Gilbert Greub,Katia Jaton,Didier Raoultet al. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2015, 212 (3), pp.506 - 508. ⟨10.1093/infdis/jiv130⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478605v1
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Gorillibacterium massiliense gen. nov, sp. nov., a new member of the family Paenibacillaceae Mamadou Bhoye Keita,Roshan Padhmanabhan,Aurélia Caputo,Catherine Robert,Eric Delaporteet al. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 2014, 9 (3), pp.807 - 820. ⟨10.4056/sigs.5199182⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478632v1
Detection of Termites and Other Insects Consumed by African Great Apes using Molecular Fecal Analysis Ibrahim Hamad,Eric Delaporte,Didier Raoult,Fadi Bittar Scientific Reports, 2014, 4, ⟨10.1038/srep04478⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478646v1
Gorilla gorilla gorilla gut: a potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria as revealed using culturomics and molecular tools Fadi Bittar,Mamadou B. Keita,Jean-Christophe Lagier,Martine Peeters,Eric Delaporteet al. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4 (7174 ), ⟨10.1038/srep07174⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01241992v1
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Paenibacillus gorillae sp. nov. Mamadou Bhoye Keita,Roshan Padhmananabhan,Aurélia Caputo,Catherine Robert,Eric Delaporteet al. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 2014, 9 (3), pp.1031 - 1045. ⟨10.4056/sigs.5189179⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478628v1
Looking in apes as a source of human pathogens Mamadou B. Keita,Ibrahim Hamad,Fadi Bittar Microbial Pathogenesis, 2014, 77, pp.149-154. ⟨10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.003⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478622v1
Pathogenic Eukaryotes in Gut Microbiota of Western Lowland Gorillas as Revealed by Molecular Survey Ibrahim Hamad,Mamadou B. Keita,Martine Peeters,Eric Delaporte,Didier Raoultet al. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4, ⟨10.1038/srep06417⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478617v1
Phenotypic and genotypic properties of Microbacterium yannicii, a recently described multidrug resistant bacterium isolated from a lung transplanted patient with cystic fibrosis in France Poonam Sharma,Seydina M Diene,Sandrine Thibeaut,Fadi Bittar,Véronique Rouxet al. BMC Microbiology, 2013, 13 (1), ⟨10.1186/1471-2180-13-97⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478651v1
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Bacillus massiliogorillae sp. nov. Mamadou Bhoye Keita,Seydina M. Diene,Catherine Robert,Didier Raoult,Pierre-Edouard Fournieret al. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 2013, 9 (1), pp.93 - 105. ⟨10.4056/sigs.4388124⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478647v1
Molecular Detection of Microorganisms in Distal Airways of Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Surgery Xavier Benoit d'Journo,Fadi Bittar,Delphine Trousse,Francoise Gaillat,Christophe Doddoliet al. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2012, 93 (2), pp.413-422. ⟨10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.09.049⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478660v1
Molecular Detection of Eukaryotes in a Single Human Stool Sample from Senegal Ibrahim Hamad,Cheikh Sokhna,Didier Raoult,Fadi Bittar PLoS ONE, 2012, 7 (7), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0040888⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478657v1
Nocardia farcinica lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report Fadi Bittar,Nathalie Stremler,Jean-Pierre Audié,Jean-Christophe Dubus,Jacques Sarleset al. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2010, 4 (1), ⟨10.1186/1752-1947-4-84⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478680v1
Outbreak of Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients, France Fadi Bittar,Carole Cassagne,Emmanuelle Bosdure,Nathalie Stremler,Jean-Christophe Dubuset al. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010, 16 (8), pp.1231 - 1236. ⟨10.3201/eid1608.100193⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478672v1
Genomic analysis of an emerging multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain rapidly spreading in cystic fibrosis patients revealed the presence of an antibiotic inducible bacteriophage Jean-Marc Rolain,Patrice Francois,David Hernandez,Fadi Bittar,Herve Richetet al. Biology Direct, 2009, 4 (1), ⟨10.1186/1745-6150-4-1⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478692v1
MALDI-TOF-MS for rapid detection of staphylococcal Panton–Valentine leukocidin Fadi Bittar,Zoulikha Ouchenane,Farida Smati,Didier Raoult,Jean-Marc Rolain International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2009, 34 (5), pp.467. ⟨10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.03.017⟩ Article dans une revue hal-00556340v1
Inquilinus limosus and Cystic Fibrosis Fadi Bittar,Anne Leydier,Emmanuelle Bosdure,Alexandre Toro,Martine Reynaud-Gaubertet al. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008, 14 (6), pp.993 - 995. ⟨10.3201/eid1406.071355⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478698v1
Acetobacter indonesiensis Pneumonia after Lung Transplant Fadi Bittar,Martine Reynaud-Gaubert,Pascal Thomas,Stéphanie Boniface,Didier Raoultet al. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008, 14 (6), pp.997 - 998. ⟨10.3201/eid1406.071236⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478697v1
Molecular Detection of Multiple Emerging Pathogens in Sputa from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Fadi Bittar,Hervé Richet,Jean-Christophe Dubus,Martine Reynaud-Gaubert,Nathalie Stremleret al. PLoS ONE, 2008, 3 (8), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0002908⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01477648v1
First isolation of two colistin-resistant emerging pathogens, Brevundimonas diminuta and Ochrobactrum anthropi, in a woman with cystic fibrosis: a case report Magalie Menuet,Fadi Bittar,Nathalie Stremler,Jean-Christophe Dubus,Jacques Sarleset al. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2008, 2 (1), ⟨10.1186/1752-1947-2-373⟩ Article dans une revue hal-01478694v1

Pré-publication, Document de travail (1)

Global lessons from antibiotic resistance: metformin-hydrolyzing genes in transposable elements, a new threat for type II diabetic patients? Tram Vo,Vicky Merhej,Christina Isber,Pierre Pontarotti,Fadi Bittaret al. 2025 Pré-publication, Document de travail hal-05051446v1